The Most Worn Bead Plant
Written by Peter Francis Jr. originally appearing on TheBeadSite.com and reprinted here with permission of The Bead Museum
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It's called Coix lacryma-jobi in botanical nomenclature, but don't let that put you off. That's just the Latin way of saying "Job's Tears." The annual grass produces a fruit shaped like a tear drop. Since no one shed more tears than the Biblical Job, its name in the West, and thus in the botanical literature, was secured. An alternate name, used by Catholic rosary makers is "Mary's Tears." | |
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Job's Tears
were once an important source of food. Botanists disagree over its
place of origin. The great, N.I. Vavilov (a victim of the
psuedoscience that dominated Stalin's USSR) placed its origin in
the Greater Sundas. These are the four largest islands of
Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi, formerly the
Celebes). Anglo-Indian botanists believe it originated in
northeast India.
In either case, it was domesticated very early for food. Maybe even before rice. In the wild, the fruit has a hard, shiny coat. After domestication, this coat becomes less hard and easier to cook into a porridge. It ranks --- along with wheat and barley in the Near East; beans, corn, squash and pepper in the Americans; and rice in Asia -- as one of the earliest domesticated plants. What makes this plant so important to the bead world is that the fruit is perfect for stringing. It is one of the rare natural beads in either the plant or animal kingdoms. At its tip is a hole that allows the flower to emerge. When picked off the stem, the rounded end breaks off, leaving a hole. The inside is so soft that it is easily pierced. Hence, an instant bead. |
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Two varieties of Job's Tears. On the left is the stenocarpa variety from the Karens of Thailand. On the right is the monilifer variety from the Bontoc, the Philippines |
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How long have
Job's Tears been used for beads? We will probably never know. One
was found in Timor (one of the smaller Indonesian islands) dating
to about 3000 B.C. It was reported as a "bead," but
there is no other evidence to support this idea.
However, from a recently excavated site in western India comes indisputable proof that Job's Tears were used as beads around 2000 B.C. A beadmaking shop was uncovered, where the workers were crafting beads from steatite (soapstone). Within the shop were many Job's Tears, apparently to be strung up with the steatite beads. At a southern Indian archaeological site dated to the first century or so, a wire was excavated with five Job's Tears strung on it. Job's Tears are common finds in south Indian sites. Archaeologists were calling them "rice beads," because the plant grows wild in rice fields. Now they know what they are. Today Job's Tears are everywhere. The plant has been introduced to many countries, where it is used as a food supplement (you can buy it in health food stores in the US). I recently ran across a photo of myself taken in New York City in 1968 or 1969. I was wearing a triple strand of colored Job's Tears. (I wonder where it is now.) |
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An article published in 1925 said that you can't color Job's Tears, but, of course you can. Maybe there was no known way to color them before 1925, or maybe the author didn't know what she was talking about. It was in an obscure publication, retrieved for me by the late Elizabeth Harris from the Los Angeles Library. She said it took her nearly a day to find and hoped it was worthwhile. Yes, Elizabeth, it was. Thanks again. |
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